A single-universe conjecture via a mode of dimensional collapse.
Irvin, Geoffrey C.
Melbourne, Australia
Key words: cosmology, universe, collapse, spatial dimension, superstring, quantum.
It seems to me that the physics community may have overlooked one possible closed universe model. It is a model of a universe governed by dimensional collapse.
Stephen Hawking thought that the universe would end in a big crunch, and then changed his mind when it was shown that the expansion of the Universe would continue for ever[1]. I speculate that he was right originally but for different reasons. The single (i.e. not multiverse) universe in this model does not require collapse in three dimensions. It involves collapse via the nodes of black holes and an inter-connected net of wormholes leading eventually to another singularity and subsequent big bang event. It speculates that black holes are more than event horizons for gravity, but instead represent event horizons for dimensional transition.
Superstring theory gave us the idea that there may be or have been multiple dimensions possible, as many as 11 or more spatial dimensions plus time and that the conditions for each of these changed following the big bang. The concept is that some or all of the these possible dimensions ceased to exist as gravitational forces reduced following the initial big bang, collapsing down progressively from possibly 11 or more spatial dimensions until reaching the currently stable 3 plus time that makes up most of our current observable universe[2]. My contribution for consideration is the logical extension that this process continues, and that the 3 spatial dimensions we inhabit are constantly at a frontier of collapse with each black hole representing a dimensional vortex from 3 dimensions to 2 and connecting to an ultra-massive singularity.
The principle idea is that black holes are connected in 2 dimensional space. Therefore it doesn’t matter at what speed each galaxy or cluster of galaxies expands away from the centre of the universal big bang and each other. Galaxies are huge clusters of stars gathered around a dimensioanl attractor in the form of at least one supermassive black hole and/or more likely clusters of black holes. Each galaxy and cluster of galaxies may then collapse at first slowly, then more rapidly towards its central, continually expanding group of black holes. As 3 dimensional matter in the form of stars, planets, comets, cosmic dust, gas and debris reach the event horizon of these gravity wells the matter is torn apart and absorbed by the gravity well as per the standard view. Black holes then become points of transition where 3 dimensional matter entering the sphere of influence of a black hole collapses, radiating part of its thermodynamic energy. The absorbed mass crosses a gravitational and dimensional event horizon, collapsing into a 2 dimensional state, being tubular in its brane structure. These dimension wells become feeder points into a combined singularity. Dark matter may be the sum of these profligate and combined gravity wells which have reached a maturity by having absorbed the 3 dimensional matter in their area of influence, remaining as vast supra-spatial folds in the 3d brane.
While black holes may behave as spherical gravity wells in 3 dimensional space, they may behave as a worm hole in two dimensions. The 2 dimensional material must shed entropic energy in order to collapse, which I offer as an explanation for the halo oberserved near black holes in the x-ray band. The spatial points at the end of each 2 dimensional tube could behave as gravity/dimension attractors drawing the ends of all other 2D tubes within their influence. These multiple super-gravity supra-dimension wells may attract each other until there is only one such growing single dimensional point in each area of influence. The speed of this attraction may accelerate exponentially until the entire 3 dimensional universe has crossed the threshold of these multiple super-gravity attractors and becomes unified into another big bang mass. Alternately these masses may not need to absorb all the matter in the 3D universe to become critical. There is no reason echoes of previous big bangs may not be found in the radiation spectrum.
The expansion of the universe will not contradict this model. Matter would accelerate towards the zones of attraction wherever they appeared in the universe. Such a process of collapse need not be sudden, except towards its maturity. The time over which each galaxy would be absorbed would be many billions of years, though as the universe ages, and the black hole masses grow, there would be no reason to suppose this process would not accelerate.
As the terminus of each tube exists outside a 3 dimensional spatial reference, it may be contiguous with all the others. If the terminations of such 2 dimensional vortices join from across the 3 dimensional brane these points may be the seed of a new singularity.
I leave it to superior minds to explore the implications of such a model to thermodynamics, quantum particles and hyper-light neutrinos. Possibly the later particles travel in an inter-dimensional state where distances are less than those in the 3 dimensional brane. This may also present clues to the quantum wave-particle paradox. Possibly all centres of gravity represent pinholes through the three dimensional brane which are unable to transition to 2 dimensions until the mass is equivalent to a black hole. All 3 dimensional matter may rest in a state of tension between dimensions.
Curious idea of the inter-dimensional shortcut for neutrinos. Trying to wrap my brain around that, but tensor mathematics is bloody hard work.
ReplyDeleteYes, not sure whether you'd assume the vector was a straight line and see what that means to space, or think about impossible non-linear vectors... she cannae take it scotty!
ReplyDeleteGlad to hear yesterday that the faster than light neutrino question seems to have been answered by a better calculation of the lag between the satelite GPS and the ground station... so no space folds... glad to hear Mr Einstein is still relevant, they worked out it was the movement of the satelite in relation to the ground that caused the tiny variation (was it 60 nanoseconds), and sorted it out with special relativity...
ReplyDeleteOk two big things. On July 4 the announcement of the Higgs boson and by implication the Higgs field. And the announcement on November 28 of a supermassive singularity NGC 1277 just 220 lightyears away. The first part of this is that the Higgs field may be the matrix for all matter, and provide the mass to all massed particles. It is postulated to be the field producing the expansion of 3D space. It may also be that it is the substantive explanation of dark matter, and provide the material from which weak and strong nuclear forces derive their properties. These may in fact be different sides of the same coin, and may also provide other properties such as the left hand spin to electrons. It is proposed that the mass, spin and forces it may provide vary with their proximity to mass and temperature. That, in my humble, is a big discovery. (See Lisa Randall's booklet Higgs Discovery; The power of empty space, Bodley Head, Random House 2012). To shoe horn this into my little blog, the Higgs field may provide the material of space-time, the stuff of branes, perhaps overlaying string dimensions making the fabric of the universe. This may be the field out of which the shape of the universe 3D, 4D hyperspheres or whatever, was born and through which it expands, flows and interacts. My guess is that temperature flows may be a significant part of this. The temperatures of black holes being so very close to kelvin.
ReplyDeleteSpeaking of which while most galaxies have central black holes representing approximately .1 % of their matter, what possible scenario's may there be for ones like the NGC 1277 situation, where a gravity well is around 14% of a galaxy, with around 17 billion solar masses? This monster may not be the biggest either as another with a range of 6-37 billion solar masses is being calculated. These monster black holes would fit with my idea that black holes may provide the vetors for dimensional collapse. These monster holes may be the other end of thousands of wormholes, and in turn may be interconnected themselves. If I am right, many more such masses should be found.
We live in interesting Astronmical times. More power to Nasa. Hurrah for the LHC!
Just sayin'. https://www.sciencealert.com/the-tiny-dots-in-this-image-aren-t-stars-or-galaxies-they-re-black-holes?fbclid=IwAR0_bGTpDefpxrfQV5-FWDHG6IKaWsVg7tOZUatrEfIaS81it6J868gWWqE
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